Effects of isometric muscle training on shoulder pain, function and performance in bowlers: A randomized clinical trail

Abstract

Background: Overuse injuries with shoulder pain are one of the most common complaints among cricket bowlers, leading to reduced performance, and ultimately affecting an athlete's career and overall well-being. Isometric muscle training (IMT) is gaining attention as an effective intervention for musculoskeletal pain and functional performance.

Objective: To determine the effects of isometric muscle training on shoulder pain, function, and performance in bowlers.

Methods: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out from July 2023 to June 2024 on active male bowlers between the ages of 18 and 30, who suffered from pain and discomfort in the rotator cuff muscle. A total of n-36 bowlers were randomly allocated to Group A and received isometric exercises focused on shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Group B underwent conventional physical therapy exercises, including open and closed kinetic chain shoulder exercises, active ROMs, and stretching. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire were used for pain and disability, respectively. The assessment was done at baseline, after 2^nd week and 4^th week.

Results: The results showed that IME had a significant effect (p<0.5) on pain reduction, functional recovery, and sports-specific performance compared to CPT except for speed (p≥0.05). The result of IME became evident from the 2^nd week for pain and overall function, while in sports-related function, IME appeared significant (p<0.05) by the 4^th week.

Conclusion: Isometric exercises are highly effective for managing shoulder pain and improving functional capacity in bowlers, particularly in reducing disability and enhancing sports-specific performance over time.

Clinical Trial # NCT06426875